Family Courts are Partners in Parental Alienation

Barbara Johnson When a court (1) issues a restraining order against one parent after an exparte hearing, the court has taken a step toward ordering parental alienation.
When a court (2) does not order "joint custody" or "shared parenting" without an evidentiary hearing and without using the standard of "clear and convincing evidence," the court has taken a step toward ordering parental alienation.
When a court (3) orders "supervised visitation" without an evidentiary hearing and without using the standard of "clear and convincing evidence," the court has taken a step toward ordering parental alienation.
When a court (4) allows the kidnapping of children from one or more parents without an evidentiary hearing and without proving that the parent(s) are unfit to parent the child(ren), the court has taken a step toward ordering parental alienation.
These are all instances from which parental alienation can and does arise.